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Lockout/Tagout (LOTO)

Lachlan McRitchie

Lachlan McRitchie

GM of Operations

Published 10 February 2026

Lockout-tagout (LOTO) is a safety procedure that isolates hazardous energy sources and attaches locks and warning tags to equipment before maintenance, preventing accidental start-up that could injure workers.

Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) is a safety procedure used to ensure that equipment is properly shut down, isolated from all energy sources, and cannot be restarted until maintenance or repair work is completed. Lockout involves physically locking energy isolation devices (such as circuit breakers or valves) in the off position, while tagout involves attaching a warning tag to the isolation point. LOTO protects workers from the unexpected release of hazardous energy during servicing.

Why it matters

Failure to properly isolate equipment before maintenance is one of the leading causes of serious workplace injuries and fatalities in industrial settings. LOTO procedures are required by WHS regulations and Australian Standards in Australia, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 (The Control of Hazardous Energy) in the United States, and similar provisions under HSE guidance in the United Kingdom. Proper LOTO compliance prevents electrocution, crushing, burns, and other injuries caused by uncontrolled energy release.

How MapTrack helps

MapTrack supports LOTO workflows by enabling digital isolation permits, recording lockout status against the asset, and ensuring maintenance work orders include required isolation steps before work begins.

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Frequently asked questions

When is lockout/tagout required?

LOTO is required whenever a worker could be exposed to hazardous energy during maintenance, repair, cleaning, inspection, or adjustment of plant and equipment. This includes electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, thermal, chemical, and gravitational energy sources. The requirement applies to routine servicing activities, not normal production operations where guards and safety devices provide adequate protection.

What is the difference between lockout and tagout?

Lockout uses a physical lock to hold an energy-isolating device in the safe position, making it impossible to re-energise without the key. Tagout uses a prominent warning tag attached to the isolation point to alert others not to operate the equipment. Lockout provides a higher level of protection because it physically prevents re-energisation. Tagout alone is generally only acceptable when lockout is not physically possible.

Related terms

Compliance Management

Compliance management in asset-intensive industries is the systematic process of ensuring that equipment, operations, and personnel meet all applicable regulatory, safety, environmental, and contractual requirements. It encompasses tracking inspection due dates, certifications, licences, safety checks, environmental obligations, and industry-specific standards. Compliance management requires both proactive scheduling and thorough record-keeping.

Pre-Start Inspection

A pre-start inspection is a systematic check performed on plant, equipment, or vehicles before each use or shift to identify defects, damage, or unsafe conditions. It typically follows a standardised checklist covering safety-critical items such as brakes, steering, lights, tyres, guards, fluid levels, and warning devices. Pre-start inspections are a legal requirement under workplace health and safety regulations in Australia and are similarly required in other jurisdictions, including OSHA equipment inspection requirements in the United States and PUWER requirements in the United Kingdom.

Work Order

A work order is a formal document or digital record that authorises and tracks a specific maintenance task. It typically includes the asset identification, description of work required, priority, assigned technician, parts needed, safety requirements, and completion details. Work orders provide a structured workflow from request through approval, execution, and closeout.

Plant and Equipment

The plain meaning of plant and equipment is the physical assets a business uses to carry out work: machinery, vehicles, tools, appliances, containers, implements and fixed installations. In Australian WHS language, plant includes any machinery, equipment, appliance, container, implement or tool, plus related components and fittings. In accounting, plant and equipment is usually treated as property, plant and equipment (PPE), a non-current capital asset rather than consumable inventory.

Corrective Maintenance

Corrective maintenance refers to repair or restoration work carried out after a fault, defect, or failure has been identified in an asset. It may be triggered by an operator report, a failed inspection, or an unexpected breakdown. Corrective tasks range from minor adjustments to major overhauls, depending on the severity of the issue.

Permit to Work (PTW)

A permit-to-work system is a formal, documented procedure used to control activities that are identified as potentially hazardous and require specific safety precautions beyond standard operating procedures. The permit authorises named individuals to carry out defined work at a specific location during a specified time period, subject to documented safety conditions. Common permit types include hot work permits, confined space entry permits, electrical isolation permits, excavation permits, and working-at-heights permits. The permit process typically involves a request from the performing authority, a review and approval by the issuing authority (usually an area or operations supervisor), verification that all safety conditions have been met, the execution of the work, and a formal close-out that confirms the worksite has been left in a safe condition. Permits are time-limited and must be reissued if the work extends beyond the original period, if conditions change materially, or if different workers are assigned to the task, ensuring that the safety assessment remains current throughout the duration of the work.

Risk Matrix

A risk matrix is a visual tool that maps the likelihood of a hazard occurring against the severity of its potential consequences, producing a risk rating that guides decision-making. Common formats include 3x3, 4x4, and 5x5 grids, where each cell represents a combination of likelihood and severity. The resulting risk rating (e.g. low, medium, high, extreme) determines the urgency of control measures and the level of management approval required before work proceeds.

Cite this definition

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Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) is a safety procedure used to ensure that equipment is properly shut down, isolated from all energy sources, and cannot be restarted until maintenance or repair work is completed.

Short attribution
MapTrack Glossary: Lockout/Tagout (LOTO), https://www.maptrack.com/glossary/lockout-tagout
Reference list
MapTrack. (2026). Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) [Glossary definition]. Retrieved from https://www.maptrack.com/glossary/lockout-tagout

Free to reuse with credit under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. If you’d rather link straight to it, the page is https://www.maptrack.com/glossary/lockout-tagout.

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